Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making Essay Example

Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making Essay Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making Perception is the process of receiving information about and making sense of world around us. It involves deciding which information notice, how to categorize this information and how to interpret it within the framework of existing knowledge. Another definition of perception is â€Å"A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment†. We can summarize the perception with this sentence â€Å"We don’t see the things as they are, we see things as we are†. Why is perception important in the study of Organizational Behaviour? Simply because people’s behaviour is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. Virtually all management activities rely on perception. In appraising performance, managers use their perceptions of an employee’s behaviour as a basis for evaluation. Factors that influence perception are categorized to three groups; 1)Factors in the perceiver: Attitudes, Motives, Interests, Experience, Expectations 2)Factors in the situation: Time, Work Setting, Social Setting 3)Factors in the target: Novelty, Motion, Sounds, Size, Background, Proximity, Similarity Shortcuts used in judging others; )Selective Perception: a characteristic that make someone stand out in our mind will increase the probability that it will be perceived 2)Halo Effect: drawing a general impression based on a single characteristic 3)Contrast Effects: our reaction is influenced by others we have recently encountered 4)Projection: the tendency to attribute our own characteristics to other people 5)Stereotyping: judging someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which they belong Attribution in Organizations We will write a custom essay sample on Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Attribution simply refers to how a person explains the cause of another’s or his or her own behaviour. Attribution thus is the most relevant application of perception concepts of organizational behaviour-the issue of person perception. The attributions or inferred causes we provide for behaviour have important implications in organizations. In explaining the causes of employee performance, good or bad, we are asked to explain the behaviour that was the basis for the performance. Attribution Theory suggests that when we observe an individual’s behaviour, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused: Internally; believed to be under the personal control of the individual Externally; resulting from outside causes. Determinants of Attribution Distinctiveness; whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations. Consensus; if everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way. Consistency; does the person respond the same way over time. Individual Decision Making Individuals in organizations make decisions. That is, they make choices from among two or more alternatives. Decision-making is almost universally defined as choosing between alternatives. Decision-making is a critical activity in the lives of managers. The decisions a manager faces can range from very simple, routine matters for which the manager has an established decision rule(programmed decisions) to new and complex decisions that require creative solutions(non-programmed decisions). Decision-Making Process Managers have to make decisions whether they are simple or extremely complex. Making a good decision is a difficult exercise. It is the product of deliberation, evaluation and thought. To make good decisions, managers should invariably follow a sequential set of steps. 1)recognize the problem and need for a decision 2)identify the objective of the decision 3)gather and evaluate data and diagnose the situation 4)list and evaluate alternatives 5)select the best course of action 6)implement the decision 7)gather feedback 8)follow up

This Boys Life Essay Example

This Boys Life Essay Example This Boys Life Essay This Boys Life Essay This Boys Life, by Tobias Wolff is an autobiography, which shows the young Tobiass struggle to grow up in a dysfunctional family. Deception, Disguise and illusion are the weapons the young Tobias Wolff has to adopt in order to get along in his life. This Boys Life starts on the road from Florida to Utah when Wolff and his mother are trying to escape the grasp of her violent boyfriend Roy. To get away from a man my mother was afraid of They Drive to Utah and expect to get rich on uranium but when they got there they discovered all the uranium that was to be found had been. They then ventured on until they got to Salt Lake City where his mothered figured there must be some ore around there. Although no one had ever found uranium in Salt Lake City, she did not take this as a deterrent, in fact she took it as more reason to go. The fact that nobody had found any meant that we would have the place pretty much to ourselves. This is when we first experience his mothers optimistic view on most issues. If she wants it badly enough, she will do anything she can to get it and no facts or stories can make her change her mind. They got to Salt Lake City. They found no uranium. What they did find was Roy. Yet again, they leave in a hurry to escape Roy. This time escaping to Seattle. They lived in Seattle, and Wolff enjoys his stay there. Roy does not find them, to rosemary and Wolffs delight. Now in Seattle Wolff has a new enemy, Marion. Marion sees straight through Wolff and can tell his kind a mile away. The dislike is mutual though, because Wolff is not too keen on her, but is scared of her: Her arms were as thick as a mans Marian was constantly trying to get rid of Wolff, and that meant getting rid of his mother as well, although she did not dislike Wolffs mother, although she did pity her, mainly for being so trusting of the Toby she knows. Marian finally got her wish when Dwight stepped in. Loving, caring and very trusting, Rosemary, at a glance, seems like the perfect mother. However, once studied we realize she is far from the perfect mother. Although she is very loving, her ability to love Wolff does not match her ability to control him. This lack of control over Wolff is a result of her own childhood abuse from daddy which got so bad that he even spanked Rosemary for no reason but to satisfy his own need for power. Daddy spanked her almost every night on the theory that she must have done something wrong that day As well as her violent upbringing giving her a contradictory hatred of coercion, it also influenced her choice of men. Rosemary had been a victim all her childhood life, which meant she had to be victimized by someone in her adult life to compensate for daddy. This need made rosemary prone to men of the tyrant breed. Although Rosemary did in fact fail to be a good mother to Wolff he obviously loved her and the way in which she is portrayed in this novel reflects the love he still has for her, though even he knows she failed him. And then came Dwight. This Quote really sums up Wolffs attitude towards Dwight. Dwight on the outside seemed respectable, romantic and a very father-like figure, but as soon as he has his foot in the door we discover the real Dwight. This being a man of spite, jealousy and most of all power. This need for power results In Wolff being brutal beaten for no reason but for Dwights own amusement, as Rosemary was with her own father. As soon as Wolff arrived in Chinook the violence started. The first time we realise Dwight is not who he seems is on Wolffs way to Chinook Youre in for a change, mister. You got that? Youre in for a whole nother ball game This change Wolff has to circum to happens, but not because Wolff is willing. Once in Chinook, Dwight gets to work on re-shaping Wolff. This re-shaping meant filling up Wolffs time so that he had no time to carry on his delinquency, which was very prominent in his life in Seattle. Although Dwight was very strict on Wolff about minor things of no importance. On the major events, such as fighting, Dwight was very much in favour of Wolffs actions and even tried to help Wolff. I can show you a couple of moves that will show little lord Gayle wondering what month hes in Although at times worrying, Tobias Wolff as a main character makes for a very interesting read. He is ever changing and so badly wants to be someone other than himself he goes to the extreme length of changing his name. Wolff is a very two-faced charachter. In his mothers eyes he is the perfect son, but in the eyes of anyone other than his mother, he is a liar, a cheat, a thief and an all round delinquent. As well as these traits he also has a very contradictory love of Power. Whilst reading this novel we would tend to think Wolff would hate the thought of power, but as his grandfather before him, he enjoys the feeling of power and as a result he worrying respects the nazis because of their snappy uniforms as well as their ability to control, they wanted to be as powerful as the nazis. looked up people with Jewish-sounding names and screamed at them in pig German Wolff wanting to compel respect was the main reason he enjoyed scouting so much. Wolff was a keen scout, and although made to scout as punishment from Dwight, he loved scouting. He loved the power scouts had over people with their sharp uniforms and he loved the way being a scout made him feel like a soldier. On the other side Wolff was everything he did not truly want to be. He was always searching for someone he could trust and never found that someone during his adolescent life. Wolff believed he was an intelligent person capable of grade As, though his need to be cool was the only reason he only achieved grade Cs. I lived in perpetual Dusk is the statement that I believe sums up Wolffs adolescent life, and in a way, it is a very saddening thing to be said about a young boy. In my opinion Wolff, although a delinquent at the beginning of the novel, proved himself of the virtues he claimed to have in the end when he tries to be who he truly is by going to private school via a scholarship. But like everything else in his life, that falls through as well. This Boys Life is an autobiography told in a very frank, unforgiving voice. This novel presents us with very complex charachters that echo our real life experiences. No excuses are given for actions taken as a child by Tobias Wolff. The man can give no help to the boy The narrative style of the novel works very well with the elements that we face inside the novel. This works because the Novel is not written in chronological order and the adult Wolff gives many statements telling us how these events have affected his life throughout his life. Also the way in which Wolff has spent time considering the different sections of his life to report on and what to call these sections has a great affect on the overall readability of this novel. This Boys Life is a novel that leaves us with a sense of relief. Mainly relief that we dont have as many family problems as Wolff but also relief that now we know what not to do with our lives, and that we should be seen as we see ourselves and not to be seen as others want us to be. This boys life is a very well crafted novel and I would seriously recommend it to anyone between the ages of ten and sixteen as it really touches the heart with the issues that it raises.

Attractions Of Jaipur Tourism Essay

Attractions Of Jaipur Tourism Essay Jaipur, ‘The Pink City’ is a major tourist centre of the country. The city is packed with many attractions like beautiful and glorious forts, world famous theatres, gorgeous temples and many more. As a tourist you will be awestruck with the beauty of the monuments in the city. Flamboyant and vivacious bazaars bustle with attractive stuff. Jaipur is legendary for its gemstone and gold jewelry work, fabrics, and ‘jutis or mozaries’ (traditional footwear) that possess quality are surely a cache for the shoppers. An opportunity to take along ‘the glory of the city’ as a souvenir of the visit is so amazing. You will wish to revisit the city to explore its beauty and intrigue to the fullest. Feel the grandeur of the Maharajas who lived in such magnificent forts and palaces Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II invoked the artisans from all over the world and facilitated them with all the things they required, to help in creating the exotic city of beautiful ar chitecture as Jaipur. Today, Jaipur is a hub for rich wedding destinations. Royal weddings are organized here. Exquisite destinations are specially designed for marriages, and offer an experience of one of its kind. Jaipur’s forts, monuments, and museums can be read about further. The temple of Sun God at Galta, Amber fort,Vidyadhar’s Garden, City palace, Sisodia Rani Palace, and Sanganer are some of the exquisite attractions that city comprises. AMBER FORT Distance from the city center: 10km Built in: 1592 Charges: Admission: Citizen INR 10/ Foreigner: INR 50 Photography charges: Citizen/foreigner: Rs 40/25 Video charges: Citizen/foreigner: Rs 100/150 but it includes all the three charges (entrance, still camera and video camera fee). Timings: 1000 to 1600 hours Specialty: Sheesh Mahal, Diwan-e-am CITY PALACE Distance from the city center: Situated at city center Built in: 19th century Charges: Indians Rs. 35.00 and for foreigners Rs.150.00 inclusive of entry to Jaiga rh fort Timings: 930 to 1645 hrs. Specialty: Temple, Chandra Mahal, Govind Devji, Diwan-e-am NAHARGARH FORT Distance from city center: 15 km Built in: 1734 Charges: Rs. 15 for Indians, Rs. 20 for Foreigners, 30/70 for Camera/Video Entrance Fees for Indian Citizen Rs. 10.00, Foreign Citizen Rs. 80.00, Indian Students Rs. 2.00, Vehicle Entrance Fees (Bus charges Rs. 100.00 Gypsy/Car/Jeep/Mini Bus Rs. 65.00 and Motorized two wheeler Rs.10.00 Timings: 1000 to 1700 hrs Specialty: Madhavendra Bhawan, city view from top of the fort. JAI GARH FORT Distance from the city center: 15 km Built in: 1726 Charges: Rs. 15.00 for Indians & Rs. 20.00 for foreigners Timings: 1000 to 1845 hrs Specialty: Collection of Ammunition, Worlds largest Canon FORTS The Maharajas and their royal families, the palaces where they lived are so exquisite that today, the city has become popular because of them. Initially, the foundation of the city was placed by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the founder and the ruler. Amber fort was designed keeping in view his desires. He established his kingdom powerfully which effected the augmentation of the city. However, Jaipur was born as a place for the growing population and was made the capital. The ruler planned the architecture of the city majorly considering the security of the city. The lavish palace for the residence of the king was built ‘The City Palace’ and the rest is history. The famous forts of the city have been enlightened further.

Formal organizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Formal organizations - Research Paper Example Microsoft Company has various divisions depending on the functional aspects and the products produced at the divisions. At the head of the hierarchy are the two parallel but complementary positions; there is the CEO who is concerned with product development, sales and marketing, operations, administration, consulting and support, as well as financial management. The Chairman and Chief Software Architect is charged with the responsibility of developing the technical strategy in order to help in planning for the future operations of the organization. The discussion shall be concentrated on the business solutions under business divisions. c. Connection to a specific social institution Microsoft companies have a connection to several social institutions. It particularly has an important relation to the economic growth and development in a given society. The company is a developer and distributor of a variety of computer software and employs tens of thousands of professionals worldwide. The software developed by the company is useful in small businesses and the large enterprises as well. This helps in promoting the business operations hence encouraging economic growth. d. Connection to one or more ‘essential tasks’ of the social institutions Just like any other institution, Microsoft Company has an elaborate system for hiring employees and replacing the old employees who have left or died. We have also seen cases where a top serving officer in the organization resigns from his position and establishes a strategic senior position to help manage the organization. This was seen when the former Chief Executive Officer, Billy Gates, surrendered the position to be the Chairman and Chief Software Architect of the company. Another essential task performed by social institutions is producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services. In deed, Microsoft is the leading world producer of computer packages that are applicable in many sectors of the economy. 2. Using micro sociology a. Routine day to-day interaction patterns in the organization The day-to-day interactions are not very common at the organization at the lower level. The employees are often charged with individual responsibility under certain rules and regulations. The nature of the tasks that require consistent inventive and innovative abilities call for limited interactions. b. How concepts

Capital Budgeting Techniques Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capital Budgeting Techniques - Research Paper Example The purpose of this paper is to describe these techniques and to compare and contrast the pros and cons associated with each of these four capital budgeting techniques. The payback period is used to quantify the expected number of years required to recover the original investment made on a project based on the cash flows that the project generates over its lifetime. The main advantage of this capital budgeting technique is its simplicity. The way to calculate payback period is by adding up the expected cash flows for each year until the original investment of the project is recovered. The basic logic of the method is that it is better to recover the original investment sooner than later. A disadvantage of the payback period method is that it disregards the time value of money. Another capital budget technique to evaluate projects is the net present value or NPV. This method evaluates capital investment projects by finding the present value of future net cash flows, discounted at the rate of return required by the firm (Besley, et al. 2000). One of the pros associated with this capital budgeting technique is that it takes into consideration the time value of money. A project is accepted based on this technique if the NPV output is above cero, while projects that have a negative NPV should be rejected. A disadvantage of the NPV method is that it does not measure the interest rates, profitability, and other benefits relative to the amount invested (Glann, 2009). A third capital budgeting method is the internal rate of return or IRR. The internal rate of return is the rate of return the firm expects to earn if the project is purchased; thus it is defined as the discount rate that equates the present value of a project’s expected cash flow to the investment outlay, or initial cost (Besley, et al. 2000). A pro of the IRR method is that it takes into consideration the time value of money. A project evaluated based on IRR is accepted if the IRR result is greater

The Role of the Teacher Essay Example for Free

The Role of the Teacher Essay Perhaps the most important factor in the learning environment is the teacher. This is because the most successful and accessible form of input for the learners in the learning environment is introduced by that of the teacher. The reason for this is somewhat obvious as the teacher is the primary focus and authority in the direction of any given topic. After all, they are there to teach. Essentially, when teachers talk in class they provide the learners with opportunities to develop and expand their comprehension in relation to the given subject. That is to say, that the teachers have the knowledge and it is their ultimate role to distribute this knowledge to the learners. However, this also extends to the significance of the zone of proximal development and the role of keeping the class focused. In relation to teaching English, the teacher can optimise this opportunity in choosing the relevant levels of vocabulary, structure, speed of delivery, degree of clarity, and range of register and style required in relation to the given topic. However, as we have concerned ourselves here, the delivery of teaching has come under scrutiny due to the aforementioned criticisms regarding testing in a formalised manner. This is particularly significant when the role of knowledge acquisition and group dynamics mentioned in the last section are taken into account. We will now return to some of the literature, theory and practise associated with the role of the teacher in the learning environment. The teacher is often perceived by children and learners as the leader of the learning environment. Essentially, they are perceived as the role model in relation to the learning process and therefore the group dynamic (Dornyei, 2003). There has been a great deal of research related to the nature of group dynamics in teaching that have indicated that without the understanding and/or application of the group dynamic, the teacher can unintentionally manipulate an environment that is not conducive to development and in many cases destructive with regards to learning outcomes. This is clearly a problem in relation to the criticisms associated with tests in the contemporary domain. The reason for this becomes apparent and can be seen in the theory and research related to group dynamics and the role of the teacher in the learning environment. For example, Hadfield indicates that the perception of the teacher as a leader and/or role model is in some way detached from the learning environment and the group dynamic. Further, to act upon this perception is given as a hugely significant disruptive factor in learning as it compromises the learner’s identity and inclination to disclose information by way of input. This is given by Hadfield explaining that: ‘From the point of view of emotional orientation, many teachers are not unlike the other members in their class groups. Great deals of the psychological processes that underlie group formation apply to teachers as well. For this reason, it may be particularly important for you at this stage to take part in the class room events as ordinary group members by joining as much as is feasible some of the ice breaking activities and, in a reciprocal fashion, sharing some personal information about yourself with the students. ’ (Hadfield, 1992, p. 17) In this key extract, a need for the teacher to acknowledge their position within, rather than above, the group dynamic is clearly outlined. Further, their role in providing group cohesion and productivity from within the group dynamic is given as essential to a cohesive group. From this perspective, we can assume that without knowledge of group dynamics and their own role within the group, the teacher would not realise their significance in the cohesion of the group and the need for extending and coordinating the focus of the class. This clearly has disruptive implications. Essentially, if the teacher were to perceive themselves as a leader and distributor of knowledge they may drag the group along leaving many of the group behind. The contrary positive effects of negating this form of teacher role are given by the findings of Broadfoot, who suggests that: Many pupils have found the opportunity of talking with their teachers on a one-to-one basis about achievements, experiences, needs and appropriate future targets a rewarding and helpful experience that has a positive effect on their motivation (Broadfoot et al, 1988). This shows that the role of teaching is significant in the nature of learning English. It indicates that the teacher is more than a distributor of predefined tests. It shows that although they are the leader of the learning environment, they should be immersed in it and be responsive to the inputs, goals and directions put forward by the children. This means that rather than maintaining a focus on testing the children, they should attempt to derive a focus and aim through following the feedback from the group. This means that continuous re-assessment rather than pre-defined testing is the primary tool to be used by the teacher. However, while we can perhaps reject the notion of a teacher role based upon top down input at this stage, we must still take into account the direction of learning. That is to say, that it would be unwise to allow the children and learners to simply guide the class outright and have the teacher allow the group to govern the class. For example, as well as losing focus and a sense of established knowledge, the children may form their own groups based upon friendships and other bonds that may disrupt the focus of learning and the acquiring new knowledge. We can perhaps view the teacher’s role as one looking to authentically allow for personal expression and social bonding. However, it must also be focused upon the input deriving from the class. If this is not observed then it is the suggestion at this point that it would be highly likely that there would be lower success in terms of acquired knowledge and a disruption to the process of input. It is with that we turn to the alternative forms of leading and assessing the focus of the group in the learning environment.

Pot, Its Whats for Dinner :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cannabis, chronic, bud, weed, pot, grass, the list is endless. Harboring several names, marijuana use, is illegal in most of United States. In California, marijuana can be prescribed to cancer patients, aids patients and people who suffer from glaucoma. But the recreational use is strictly prohibited in most of the 50 United States. Considering the liable revenue, the social and health related factors of marijuana as opposed to legal substances like alcohol and cigarettes; the recreational use of marijuana should be legal for social and economic reasons. Marijuana has been proven to induce less side effects, or negative factors than either alcohol or cigarettes. Smoking cigarettes causes cancer, in several different forms, is physically addicting, and has enough other chemicals in it to kill small animals. Along with the extremely addicting nicotine, and tar-filled tobacco, cigarettes contain other chemical s such as rodenticide, formaldehyde, and sometimes even ammonia. Still, it is legal to buy, and smoke. Alcohol, another prevalent â€Å"evil† in society, too can cause severe internal problems (liver disease), is psychologically addicting, and in large quantities can in fact be fatal (alcohol poisoning). Both these legal substances have proven more dangerous than marijuana. Marijuana is not physically addicting. In most cases, especially if cultivated and smoked appropriately, it contains no other chemicals. One cannot â€Å"overdose† on marijuana or get â€Å"pot poisoning†. However, the government manages to ignore such proven facts, and maintains the legal sale and use of alcohol and tobacco products. Approximately $5.00 a day, $35.00 a week, $140.00 a month, and $7280.00 a year; smoking a pack of cigarettes a day is costly habit. But theoretically, it is not that expensive to grow. So, where do the disparities in prices come from? The federal government has an extensive list of taxes, and tariffs put on tobacco. The taxes on a pack of cigarettes make up for more than 50% of the price. The tobacco industry is viewed as this inherent â€Å"evil†, and the government does all it can to thwart the industry, including the taxation of all tobacco products. If the government were to legalize marijuana for recreational purposes, the same taxes, and tariffs could be applied to the sales of marijuana cigarettes. The revenue collected from this would be astounding. With this revenue, more regulation could be enforced and it would soon be harder for kids and teenagers to acquire. And just like alcohol and cigarettes, a state license could be issued for the distribution, and a legal â⠂¬Å"pot smoking† age could be enforced.

Food safety and sanitation Essay

Purpose of this manual This is an example of a Food Safety Manual that has been developed to assist your learning of HACCP-based food safety programs. The development of food safety programs based on the principles of the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system is the most effective way of ensuring food safety. This manual is intended to be a very general guide for HACCP-based food safety programs and will show you how all the parts of the food safety program come together. This manual is an example of a HACCP-based food safety program for food service processes that include: cook serve cook chill reheat serve (not extended shelf life cook chill). We have taken every effort to ensure that the sample guidelines in this manual meet the minimum standard for food safety for the processes described. However, when using these guidelines you need to undertake your own research to be assured that you have met current food safety standards and industry codes for the operations undertaken by the business for which you work. Web sites that contain information on HACCP-based food safety programs include: Food Standards Australia New Zealand has information on the proposed food safety standard: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au Department of Health, Victoria, Australia has food safety programs: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/foodsafety/ The NSW Food Authority has some good information: http://www.foodauthority.nsw.gov.au/ Department of Health, Victoria, Australia, Foodsmart website http://www.foodsmart.vic.gov.au/FoodSmartWeb/ How to use this manual This manual is divided into six sections: Section 1: Manual Introduction Section 2: Standard Operating Procedures Section 3: Process Control Using HACCP Section 4: Work Instructions Section 5: Monitoring Forms for Supervisors Section 6: Check Sheets for Staff Each section of the manual starts with an explanation of the purpose of the guidelines or information found within that section. At risk persons A number of risk groups vulnerable to food-borne pathogens, have been identified. At risk persons include: the sick, and people with a weak immune system frail elderly infants and babies in hospital pregnant women. If you are serving food to at risk persons then you will need to check your State or Territory food legislation. If the legislation includes a code of practice to address the issue of pathogenic contamination, then you need to develop strategies within your food safety program to include this code. Definitions AQIS Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service. Audit An independent check of a food safety system to show that procedures are being followed and that the system achieves its aims. Calibrate A check that measuring equipment is working, eg thermometers. Control measure A measure taken to control a food safety hazard, eg time and temperature limits. Control Point (CP) A point in the food production process at which control measures are advisable. However, loss of control may not lead to an unacceptable health risk. This process may be monitored. Core product temperature The internal temperature of a product. It is taken at the thickest point. Corrective action Corrective action is the set of procedures to be followed when a deviation occurs in the production process, for example when the internal temperature of cooked roast chicken has not reached 75Â ºC, the corrective action is to return it to the oven and bring up to temperature. Critical Control Point (CCP) A point in the food production process at which loss of control may result in an unacceptable health risk. This process must be monitored. Critical limit The minimum standard (of the control measure) that has to be met to control the hazard, eg cooking to 75ï‚ °C. Cross-contamination The transferring of contaminants from one source to foods. Egg based products All foods consisting predominantly of, or thickened with, eggs. Food handling Basic handling and inspection, preparation, cooking, cooling, processing, display, packaging, storage and transportation. Food safety control method Methods and procedures used in the workplace to control food safety hazards include both support programs and specific hazard control limits or requirements. Typical examples of support programs include product recall, cleaning schedules, pest control programs, personal hygiene practices, calibration procedures and related operating procedures. Food Safety Manual The key document for a food safety program. It demonstrates how processes are analysed to identify potential hazards and how each potential hazard may be controlled. It contains all the food safety instructions for staff, suppliers and contractors and details the responsibilities of all workers to ensure that food safety is maintained. HACCP HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. HACCP is a system that identifies hazards, and then implements controls and management systems to ensure the food product is safe for consumers. HACCP can be applied to any food service operation. Hazard A biological, chemical or physical risk that may cause a food to become unsafe. Impervious Refers to a type of surface that does not allow fluid to pass into it. Non-hazardous foods Foods that do not normally support the growth of food-poisoning bacteria, such as: fruit vegetables unfilled cakes and pastries dry stores, eg flour, sugar, rice etc. Policy Amendment Register A register where changes to the food safety program are recorded. Potentially hazardous foods Foods that are capable of supporting the growth of food-poisoning bacteria: meat fish chicken smallgoods milk milk products cream eggs — out of their shell cooked rice cooked pasta soy bean products salads. Ready to cook hazardous foods Foods that require cooking and are capable of supporting the growth of food-poisoning bacteria: meat chicken fish. Ready to serve hazardous foods Foods that do not require cooking and are capable of supporting the growth of food-poisoning bacteria: meat (for raw meat dishes) fish (for raw fish dishes) smallgoods milk milk products cream eggs — out of their shell cooked rice cooked pasta unpasteurised fruit juice soy bean products salads. Sanitise To eliminate or reduce micro-organisms to a safe level. Sample policy amendment register This register is used to note any amendments, updates or improvements made to the Food Safety Manual. The Manager has responsibility for maintaining this register and communicating these changes to staff. Amendments Register No. Date Subject Page No. Approval Comments Our commitment to food safety Most Food Safety Manuals start with a statement of the organisational philosophy and responsibilities to food safety as well as identification of the members of the HACCP team. Consider this example: This business firmly believes in providing its customers and staff with a safe food product. This business wholly accepts its legal duty to comply with the National Food Safety Standards and all related legislation. We expect all suppliers to also have this philosophy. Our staff members are expected to abide by the policy and all procedures and codes of practice set down by the management. It expects that they will make every effort to maintain all written procedures. It is the aim of our business to operate all food production and food service with due diligence which is regarded as a top priority. Name of Business ____________________________________ Signed______________________________ (Proprietor/Owner/Manager) Date _________________ Organisation responsibilities and duties The owner will: be responsible for implementation, control, monitoring and review of this policy ensure that all staff are trained in the food handling techniques and the requirements of food safety be qualified to implement and review the Food Safety Policy regulations and practices ensure that all records and systems in relation to food safety are maintained and filed. The manager will: be responsible for the day-to-day implementation and control of food safety ensure that all records and systems in relation to food safety are maintained ensure that staff will follow all personal hygiene rules ensure that all work areas are kept clean and free from pests ensure that all staff are trained in the food handling techniques and the requirements of the food safety policy be qualified to implement and review the food handling techniques and the requirements of the food safety policy. All kitchen staff will: be responsible for food safety in the kitchen, preparation and storage areas be qualified to implement the food handling techniques and the requirements of the food safety policy complete all records and systems in relation to food safety in the kitchen, preparation, receiving and storage areas as directed abide by all personal hygiene rules report incidents that impact on the quality of food, to the manager (eg sightings of pests, malfunctioning or defective appliances, etc) keep all work areas clean and free from pests be trained in food handling techniques and the requirements of the food safety policy report to the manager if they are suffering from any communicable disease. Other staff (eg assistants, bartenders, waiters, cleaners) will: be responsible for food safety during service abide by the Food Safety Policy regulations and practices abide by all personal hygiene rules keep work areas and equipment clean report incidents that impact on the quality of food, to the manager (eg sightings of pests, malfunctioning or defective appliances, etc) report to their supervisor if they are suffering from any communicable disease. The HACCP team The following staff members are responsible for the implementation of the HACCP-based food safety program at this business: (This information is provided as a guide only). The owner (in conjunction with the manager) will coordinate the development of the food safety program. The manager will coordinate the development of the food safety program. Staff representatives (ideally one from each section, eg kitchen, bar, wash up, store, cleaning) will play an important role in the team by advising on operation issues related to the food safety program. External expertise, eg consultant, food technologist or microbiologist, qualified in their field and in the principles of HACCP-based food safety programs will play an important role in the team by advising on issues related to the food safety program. Note: The size of the team will vary, depending on the size of the business. Where the food establishment is small, the proprietor or manager may undertake all of the above roles and be solely responsible for the coordination and implementation of HACCP. These persons will combine their skills and undertake training to: identify potential hazards associated with all aspects of food and beverage preparation assign levels of severity of risk based on previous experience recommend controls, specifications and procedures for monitoring and verification in line with the Australian standards and government regulations recommend appropriate corrective actions, including training for all staff, when deviations occur be familiar with, or be able to research, all relevant legislation/technical information related to the food safety plan.

Personal development plan Final Essay

Learning Outcome: 1. Be able to asses personal and professional skills required to achieve strategic goals. 2. Be able to conduct a skills audit to identify learning style. 3. Be able to implement a personal development plan. This assignment is based on my personal development plan that helps bridging the gap between where I am now and where I want to be in a certain period of time successfully. At first, let’s find out what a Personal development plan is. Actually it is a career plan that contains employee’s goals and used to measure their performances. In detail, it is the process of creating an action plan based on awareness, values, reflection, goal-setting and planning for personal development within the context of a career, education, relationship or for  self-improvement A personal development plan is one of the most important tools for students and professionals who want to achieve success in different fields. It enables one to keep track of the changes required in their life and areas of weakness that require improvement. The plan provides a gauge for a person to see his or her development and progress and determine the skills required to achieve in the future. It aids in the achievement of goals for personal and professional development. This is because success requires planning and setting of goals. The goals set in the plan have to be clear and measurable. The personal development plan for me is a chance to know myself better, I can realize what I want to achieve or where I want to go in the plan, in the short- or long-term, and also identifying the need for skills, knowledge or competence. It also helps me to define the appropriate development to meet those perceived needs. In this report, I am going to focusing on what my strengths are and where my Weaknesses are, also how to use my strengths in the field I will work into in the future, and how to develop my weaknesses to be my Strengths as well. CAREER ASPIRATIONS Chosen role I would like to pursue a career as Stock Broker. A stock broker is commonly characterised as any competent and regulated professional who is involved in the buying and selling (trading) of shares or stocks. Also, a stock broker is an individual responsible for a business deal on a stock exchange. Usually, a negotiation is made between two authorised members of the exchange. For the purposes of convenience, an ordinary person is no longer needed to walk into the premises of any institution, for instance, the New York Stock Exchange, to enquire on the trade stock. This exchange is done through a broker. However, a stock broker is not just confined in such plain participation in a transaction as there are other stock broking opportunities such as execution-only, advisory dealing, and discretionary dealing, and other related services. Execution-only stock broker involves the implementation of the client’s instructions to buy or sell. A stock  broker who focuses on advisory dealing informs and gives important information to the client on which shares to buy and sell, but leaves the task of final decision-making to the jurisdiction of the investor. Meanwhile, a stock broker who is in-charge with discretionary dealing determines the client’s investment intentions and serves as the mainly involved person in all transactions and decision-making functions done on the client’s behalf. In general, stock brokers provide relevant and useful information on trading stocks, for instance on the cases of which stocks or mutual funds to be bought. To be a full-pledged stock broker, I must be involved in activities and related opportunities that will increase my competencies, particularly those that I need to be a successful stock broker. Of course, it is necessary to finish my studies first. I will begin by providing assistance to a certified stock broker. This is my short term aspiration. By being an associate, I will have direct exposure to the business transactions that my employer deals with. Gaining experience is my key motivation. My medium aspiration is to get promoted or trusted with bigger responsibilities. For example, my employer will ask me to do things that are similar to his/her functions, allow me to decide on important things, expect me to be reliant to classified tasks, and the likes. After staying on this position for a significant period of time, I will try to evaluate myself if I am already capable of entering my long term aspiration – that is – being a stock broker. I will immediately take up the needed examinations and eligibility requirements. Skills required for the chosen role The chosen occupation entails the management functions including planning, organizing, directing/leading, coordinating and controlling. These functions are goal-directed, interrelated, and interdependent with each other. These are also needed in dealing with all elements of business – people, jobs or positions, technology, facilities and equipment, materials and supplies, information, and financial resources. Planning is very important. It is the most primary and basic process of formulating courses of action or organised behaviour ahead of particular time (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 2003; David 2002). It appears to be foundational aspect to effective career management (Blustein 1997; De Voe  1998; Kaye 1997; Moses 1995; Orpen 1994; Shahnasarian 1994). While it is true that many people do not always plan their actions, it is important for an aspiring stock broker – like me, to plan. Organisations pay particular importance to the planning ability of every employee. However, whether dealing with the context by which planning is occurring or whether on the individual or organisational level, the process takes place according to the prevailing attitudes, beliefs, and goals that are involved. On this case, the presence of definite course of actions and organised behaviour is important in stock broking. Brokers have deliberate goals that needed immediate response in the most time- and cost-effective ways possible. When a stock broker is affiliated to any stock broker firm, the firm’s objectives should reflect standards of success in financial and competitive performance, as well as acceptable levels of risk and rates of long-term growth (Roney 2004). The broker then is expected to present plans and interventions on the tasks and the resources to be utilised in achieving the predetermined goals. The lack of formal planning or poor planning process and ability can decrease individual as well as organisational performance (Baird et al. 1993). According to most authors (Roney 2004; Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 2003; David 2002; Matthews and Scott 1995), managerial strategic planning minimises the potential negative consequences of lack of formal planning or poor planning (i.e. uncertainty). The success of several organisations and people rely on the outstanding ability to plan, evaluate and materialise arrangement in connection to the achievement of goals. Organising is the ability of putting similar elements following one or more rules (Morgenstern 1998). Generally, it includes the specification and distribution of tasks to appropriate components (e.g. people, departments, etc). It is also the assignment of authority and allocation of resources. The practice of organising is crucial in developing inputs to planning, making planning decisions, and implementing strategy. To be effective, however, comprehensive management function in the business must be done in a continuous pattern (Hornsby and Kuratko 2005; Roney 2004). Yet, it is argued that the organising process that is to be conducted within the firm or among the individual is dependent on the plans that must be implemented. On the case of a stock broker, organising includes the development of coordinated efforts and interventions especially in the  performance of prescribed duties and eventual achievement of deliberate goals set ahead of time. This is highly needed to cope up with the soaring demand of clients and the industry itself. Directing or leading involves the execution of planned and organised activities and interventions for the achievement of predetermined goals (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 2003; David 2002). The task of directing or leading is also connected to other organisational factors such as the clients, the firm’s budget and assets, and all other firm’s resources (Roney 2004). Furthermore, it is encouraged to adapt participative approaches to directing/leading in order to elicit useful characteristics and elements that are useful for the individual’s and firm’s success level. Also, the development and execution of appropriate leadership style is a vital determinant of effective directing or leading process. In the stock broking industry, it is still fundamental to study the practicable directing or leading applications to be implemented in accordance to the achievement of individual’s and organisation’s most important motives. Coordinating is the regulation of all the various elements needed in the achievement of set goals. It is the integrating and establishing of linkages to diverse elements in order to accomplish harmonious operations a nd execution of plans (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 2003; David 2002). Coordinating includes the effective flow of communication. Communication is the link to successful execution of plans and achievement of objectives because it serves a number of fundamental functions (Brown 2001). Among these functions include the management of data and information, its flow, and so on. Surveys focusing on areas of improvement among corporations state that communication usually ranked as key element within the organization (Harris 1993). Eckhouse (1994) suggested that communication serves four major functions within a group or organization including control, motivation, emotional expression, and information. Communication is needed in a stock broker career because of the presence of constant meetings and appointments with different groups and types of people. Controlling is the task of management in the course of providing positive controls on the efforts of various elements of the organisation such as people and financial resources (Witzel 2003). It has been demonstrated that the emphasis in successful management lies on the man, not on the work (Gilbreth 1914 cited in Witzel 2003). According to  Gilbreth, the man’s mind is a controlling factor in efficiency, and has, by teaching, enabled the man to make the most of his powers. A stock broker must be able to control the future of every transaction so as to uphold the premeditated individual as well as organisational goals. Every action is planned, organised, directed, and coordinated towards a general consensus. The future of every business deal is reliant on the ability of the stock broker to minimise potential hazards and increase productivity. Thus, controlling and all the other management functions mentioned above are relatively important. Strength I recognised myself as someone who possesses the strength of the task of coordinating particularly on the case of communication. Petit, Goris and Vaught (1997) noted communication’s function is essential for cases like allowing employees to conduct meetings, make memos, provide feedback and share corporate-wide information. I believed that the previous exposures and experiences that I gained help me acquired this core competency. Good communication skill was gained from giving presentations at seminars, supplier and customer service transactions (e.g. issuing clear and concise instructions, advising and assisting customers, etc). I am also used at working on team projects particularly during my course. This involved different roles, which have developed my impeccable negotiation and persuasion skills. Considering the significant role of communication in stock broking, coordinating is among the basic ingredients of my professional success. I also believed to the spill over effects of effective coordinating function like the development of teamwork and successful working relationship. Teamwork is also attributed to the positive effects upon the psychological health and well-being of organisations member (Carter and West 1999). Through effective communication, people are motivated to work in unity and towards the achievement of individual and organisational goals alike. Weakness Firstly, it is in depth knowledge which I think I don’t have right now. I do have the knowledge of a stock broker but I am not a specialist.  Secondly, I tend to be little autocratic sometimes. So, this kind of attitude reflects as my weakness in terms of directing or leading. Leadership is an important aspect of management. As stated by a few authors (e.g. Cohen and Brand 1993; Hyde 1992), management requires leader’s full participation and involvement instead of designating individual groups who will shoulder all the responsibilities. Furthermore, this also helps in creating a sense of commitment and loyalty (Hill 1991). I presumed that I am the opposite of a favoured leader. I am autocratic which means I tend to be overly manipulative and domineering. I was engaged in an argument in my previous job placement out of my domineering attitude. This attitude hinders the development of harmonious relationship or esprit de corps among colleagues and most importantly on the part of potential clients. I recognised the need to learn a leadership style that will be instrumental on the achievement of my intended career role as well as the development of other important values useful in my future as stock broker and person as whole. Opportunities I have plenty of opportunities in this specific subject. In fact I have the world. The scope of learning here in United Kingdom is better than my home country. I am also active in this business right now and dealing with one of the biggest stock brokerage firm in Europe which I think that is one of the most learning experience I am having in this business ever. Threats The most common and important threats in this business are the uncertainties, competitors and future world situations. REFLECTION ON MY SKILLS DEVELOPMENT We all know that fact that knowledge is power. So I think that I have to study more and more about the subject to gain more knowledge so that I can handle all the situations happens there in a stock exchange individually. While I recognise my limitation of being an autocratic leader, I learned to lessen my domineering attitude and improved my leadership style. ‘In the business point of view, good leadership proves to be quite beneficial as aids in effectively meeting job-related demands,  creating higher-performing teams, fostering renewed loyalty and commitment, increasing motivational level, and reducing absenteeism and turnover of employees’ (Drucker 1995). From the last incident which I had in my last job with one of my subordinate, I considered having a reality check on my leadership skills – from autocratic to democratic or being friendlier. I gradually changed from domineering to accommodating leader. By doing so, I am able to listen on other people’s voices and study the situation before giving my personal judgments. I should have been more lenient to the new employee. With this experience, I learned that autocratic attitude is not actually relevant particularly in working with teams because it hinders the development of teamwork among team mates. Thus, I needed to reconsider other leadership style as option. Now, I will take all the opportunities whatever comes to my way. As my knowledge is growing day by day regarding this business, I think that I can make the best use of my opportunities. I hope, I can handle the threats as well. In this case, I should have proper knowledge about my competitors; I should be more analytical while predicting the future business situations. So, from the above discussion, it is clear that what a personal development plan is and how to develop it. SWOT analysis is a vital exercise for personal development plan. The examples given here in this assignment are based on my own life experiences and future plan. References: Baird, I. S., Kuratko, D. F., Lules, M. A. & Orris, B. B. (1993) â€Å"Formalized Planning in Small Business: Increasing Strategic Choices†, Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 38-50. Blustein, D. L. (1997) â€Å"A context-rich perspective of career exploration across the life roles†, Career Development Quarterly, no. 45, pp. 260-274. Brown, A. D. (2001) â€Å"Organization studies and identity: Towards a research agenda†, Human Relations, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 113-121. Cohen, S. & Brand, R. (1993) â€Å"Total Quality Management in Government,† San Francisco, CA, Jossey-Bass, Inc. David, F. R. (2003) â€Å"Strategic management: Concepts and cases†, New Jersey, Pearson Education Inc. DeVoe, D. (1998) â€Å"Plans are key to success†, Infoworld, vol. 20, no. 31, pp. 75-76. Drucker, P. F. (1995) â€Å"The practice of managemen†t, United Kingdom, Heinmann. Eckhouse, B. (1994) â€Å"Competitive Communication†, Boston, McGraw-Hill, pp. 53. Gilbreth, L. (1914) â€Å"The Psychology of Management†, Sturgis & Walton, New York. In Witzel, M. (2003) Fifty Key Figures in Management, New York, Routledge. Harris, T. E. (1993) â€Å"Applied Organizational Communication: Perspectives, Principles, and Pragmatics†, Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hill, S. (1991) â€Å"Why Quality Circles failed but Total Quality management might succeed†, British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 541-568. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2003) â€Å"Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization†, 5th ed., Singapore, South-Western. Hornsby, J. & Kuratko, D. (2005) â€Å"Frontline PR: a Handbook for the Emerging Manager†, Crawfordsville, IN, Tho mpson. Hyde, A. (1992) â€Å"The Proverbs of Total Quality Management: Recharting the Path to Quality Improvement in the Public Sector†, Public Productivity and Management Review, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 25-37. Kaye, B. L. (1997) â€Å"Up is not the only way: A guide to developing work – force Talent,† 2nd ed., Palo Alto, CA, Davies-Black Publishing. Matthews, C. H. & Scott, S. G. (1995) â€Å"Uncertainty and Planning in Small and Entrepreneurial Firms: An Empirical Assessment†, Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 34-56. Morgenstern, J. (1998) â€Å"Organizing from the Inside Out†, New York, Owl Books. Moses, B. (1999) â€Å"The good news about careers: How you’ll be working in the next decade†, Toronto, ON, Stoddart. Moses, B. (1995) â€Å"The manager’s career coaching guide†, Toronto, ON, BBM Human Resource Consultants. Orpen, C. (1994) â€Å"The effects of organizational and individual career manage ment on career success†, International Journal of Manpower, vol. 15, pp. 27-37. Pettit, J. D., Goris, J. R., & Vaught, B. C. (1997) â€Å"An examination of organizational communication as a moderator of the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction†, The Journal of Business Communication, vol. 34, pp. 81-98. Roney, C. W. (2004) â€Å"Strategic Management Methodology: Generally Accepted Principles for Practitioners†, Westport, CT, Praeger. Shahnasarian, M. (1994) â€Å"Decision time: A guide to career enhancement†, Odessa, FL, Psychological Assessment Resources. Witzel, M. (2003) â€Å"Fifty Key Figures in Management†, New York, Routledge.

The Cask Of Amontillado essays

The Cask Of Amontillado essays Revenge is the key factor in the story The Cask of Amontillado. The main character, Montresor, sought vengeance on his friend, Fortunato, because he had insulted him. Montresor and his family's pride was hurt, as the foundation of their family would not stand to be insulted and could not let an insult go unpunished. Montresor then begins to carry out a plan to ensure the ultimate revenge, one that would leave him and his pride unthreatened. "The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as best as I could, but when he went upon insult I vowed revenge." This statement from Montresor shows us the relation between his friend Fortunato and himself. It leads us to believe that Fortunato hasn't been the best of friends to Montresor. With all that Montresor had put up with, when Fortunato insulted him it went over the top. This statement also says what Montresor would do about it, which is to carry out with revenge. He then goes on to say "I must not only punish but punish with impunity." This means he wants to punish Fortunato, but in a way that he can't be punished in return. So he planned to kill Fortunato, which would make it impossible for Fortunato to punish him in return. He then talks about his thoughts on revenge. "A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself as such to him who has done the wrong." This is basically sayi ng that revenge is not successful, unless the avenger can make himself felt to the victim as much as the victim has made himself feel to the avenger. This also means that the person who gets punished has to know who punishes him, and why. Montresor had not let Fortunato know that he was planing anything against him. "..neither by word nor deed had I given Fortunato cause to doubt my good will... He did not perceive that my smile now was at the thought of his immolation." He meets Fortunato one night while he is...

Choose a narrow topic of Public Relations within marketing Assignment

Choose a narrow topic of Public Relations within marketing communication, then write a critical review of theory relating to tha - Assignment Example According to various observations from different scholars, it has been identified that PR is regarded as one of the major, effective as well as versatile tools of marketing communication that enables to enhance as well as to develop the efficiency of each marketing activity. It can be executed by taking into concern both internal as well as external business environment of a specific organisation (Zerfass & Duhring, 2012; Xifra & Huertas, 2008). Based on the various literatures concerning determining the role and the significance of PR in the arena of marketing communication, the paper intends to critically analyse the contribution of public relation to the efficiency of marketing communication. The discussion of this report will mainly focus on critically reviewing different literatures concerning the role and the influences of PR in the field of marketing communication process. Moreover, different theories or models concerning the function of PR in marketing communication will also be critically reviewed throughout this discussion. With this concern, the description in this report will further focus on identifying the importance and oversights of conducting PR practices in the segment of marketing communication, especially concerning the events industry. Critical Review of the Literatures The emergence of modern trends that are followed by the global organisations has been found to be highly focused on enhancing the capability of the marketing communication through involving an effective PR process. With regard to the notion of marketing communication efficiency, Stroh (2007) revealed that PR is one of the major and widely used approaches for the modern organisations. According to the observation of the study made by Zerfass and Duhring (2012), it has been viewed that both marketing communication and PR simultaneously have been passing through a dramatic and evolutionary growth during the past few decades. Both these aspects have been noted to experience amaz ing developments in the global business world. PR can be recognised as one of the major independent functions of the modern business organisations. The concept of PR, being an element of marketing communication, insists the global organisations should practice different strategies to effectively develop the significant concern of PR in the marketing process (Cochrane & Hazou, 2012). Moreover, Arnoldi (2012), Prindle (2011), and Grunig and Grunig (1998) stated that PR is recognised to be one of the major contributory factors for an organisation to efficiently perform its broad assortment of marketing activities. According to Grunig and Grunig (1998), it has been apparently observed that PR offers two major benefits to different organisations that include increasing sales and raising business reputation that in turn could lead the organisations towards accomplishing their predetermined business targets to a greater extent. Watson (2011) and Grunig and Grunig (1998) noted that PR canno t be considered as a sales tool; rather, it can be viewed as an extensively effective approach that enables an organisation to

Management in Information technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management in Information technology - Assignment Example Everyone from eager-to-fit-in tweens to educated business people to intrigued grandparents has joined the phenomenon, and unsurprisingly many teenagers have also caught Facebook fever.† (Facebook Addiction) The people in Saudi Arabia are very hard-working but they have been distracted by Facebook, their valuable time is being squandered browsing through Facebook. This is hampering their growth and this is also hampering the overall growth of the country. The younger generation is completely hooked on to Facebook and they use slang language which is again bad for them. Using slang language is affecting their language skills and making them incompetent. Facebook has had its share of problems; thieves use Facebook to know when certain people are going on vacation so that they can rob their house. Credit card numbers have been stolen using Facebook; a woman in Australia was murdered when she went and met her friend who she had met through Facebook. All these instances show that people in Saudi Arabia are losing their privacy and are openly flirting with danger. â€Å"Facebook and its co-founder Mark Zuckerberg are being sued for more than $1billion over a page that was on the social networking site that called for violence against Jews.† (Facebook Sued) This is just one of many evidences which clearly show that this social networking website can cause religious havoc and this is why the people in Saudi Arabia should never get carried away with what they see on this website. It has already caused political havoc in the middle-east which has led to several economical problems; it has also led to vandalism. The same may happen all over again and it is high time to stop this from happening. Saudi Arabia is a very conservative country; the majority of people residing in the country are Muslims. Islam is openly discussed on the website and people with very little or absolutely no knowledge about Islam have been spreading propaganda which could again